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Humayun, also known as Nir al-Din Muhammad, was the second Mughal emperor of India and was more of an adventurer than a consolidator of his kingdom. He was born in Kabul, Afghanistan, on March 6, 1508, and died in Delhi, India, on January 1, 1556. Humyn, Bbur's son and the Mughal dynasty's first ruler, reigned from 1530 to 1540 and then again from 1555 to 1556. When the Afghans and Rajputs were just constrained but not reconciled to Mughal domination by the Mughal triumphs at Panipat (1526), Khanua (1527), and the Ghaghara, Humyn inherited the hope rather than the actuality of empire (1529). Encouraged by Afghan and Mughal émigrés, Bahdur Shah of Gujarat opposed the Mughals in Rajasthan. Even though Humyn conquered Gujarat in 1535, the threat there didn't cease until Bahdur's death in 1537. Meanwhile, Shr Shah of Sr, an Afghan soldier of fortune, had established his dominance in Bengal and Bihar. Humyn was expelled from India after he beat him at Chausa in 1539 and at Kannauj in 1540
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