Artaxerxes I ar·ta·xer·xesi uncommon noun 1. king of Persia who sanctioned the practice of Judaism in Jerusalem (?-424 BC) SynonymsArtaxerxes IArtaxerxes Related words Word family Artaxerxes II Broader terms kingIrani WordNet 2.1 (Princeton University). WordNet 2.1 Copyright Princeton University. All rights reserved.