mesenteric artery me·sen·te·ricartery uncommon noun 1. one of two branches of the aorta that pass between the two layers of the mesentery to the intestines Synonymsmesenteric arteryarteria mesenterica Related words Broader terms artery Narrower terms inferior mesenteric arterysuperior mesenteric artery WordNet 2.1 (Princeton University). WordNet 2.1 Copyright Princeton University. All rights reserved.