renal failure re·nal·fai·lure uncommon noun 1. inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance Synonymsrenal failurekidney failure Related words Broader terms kidney diseasefailure Narrower terms acute renal failurechronic renal failure WordNet 2.1 (Princeton University). WordNet 2.1 Copyright Princeton University. All rights reserved.